Iyini i-Hantavirus? Yiziphi izimpawu?

Odinga Ukukwazi Ngengozi Ethule Edluliselwa Amagundane

I-Hantavirus, esiqale ukukhulunywa ngayo futhi ku-ajenda yomhlaba muva nje, isiphenduke ilukuluku, ikakhulukazi ngenxa yezigameko ezibulalayo kanye nezindaba eziwubhubhane. Ngakho-ke iyini ngempela i-Hantavirus? Idluliselwa kanjani? Ziyini izimpawu zayo futhi iyingozi kangakanani?

Kulesi sihloko, sixoxa ngolwazi lwesayensi nolwamanje mayelana ne-Hantavirus ngokuningiliziwe mayelana nedatha evela ezinhlanganweni zezempilo zamazwe ngamazwe njenge-World Health Organization kanye ne-Centers for Disease Control and Prevention[T_T_13_T].

Iyini i-Hantavirus?

I-Hantavirus iqoqo lamagciwane e-zoonotic angadluliselwa kubantu ikakhulukazi ngamagundane njengamagundane namagundane. Kungabangela izifo ezimbi kakhulu zamaphaphu nezinso kubantu.

Nakuba leli gciwane laqala ukunaka ngesikhathi seMpi Yase-Korea ngeminyaka yawo-1950, izinhlobo ezihlukene zaziwa emhlabeni wonke iminyaka eminingi. Izinhlobo ezahlukene ze-hantavirus zibonakala ikakhulukazi eMelika, eYurophu nase-Asia.

Izimo ezimbili ezivame kakhulu ezibucayi yilezi:

• I-Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome (HPS / HCPS)
  Ukwehluleka ukuphefumula okukhulu okuthinta amaphaphu

Idluliselwa kanjani i-Hantavirus?

Umthombo oyinhloko wokudluliselwa kwe-Hantavirus amagundane anegciwane. Ikakhulukazi ukuthintana nomchamo wegundane, indle namathe kubangela ingozi.

Igciwane lingadluliselwa ngokuthi:

• Ukuhlanza izindawo eziqukethe indle yamagundane
• Ukuphefumula kwezinhlayiya ezinegciwane lempova
• Xhumana nezindawo ezingcoliswe umchamo wegundane
• Ukulunywa ngamagundane angavamile
• Izikhala ezivaliwe ezingenawo umoya ngokwanele

Ikakhulukazi:

• Izindawo zokugcina izimpahla
• Izitebele
• Izindawo zasemakhaya
• Izindlu esezivaliwe isikhathi eside
• Izindawo zokukhempa

Kubhekwa njengezindawo ezinobungozi obukhulu.

Ingabe i-Hantavirus Ingadluliselwa isuka kumuntu iye kumuntu?

Ngokujwayelekile, ama-Hantavirus awasabalali kalula phakathi kwabantu. Kodwa-ke, izehlakalo ezikhawulelwe zokudluliselwa komuntu kumuntu ziye zabikwa zohlobo lwe-"Andes" lwe-hantavirus ebonwa eNingizimu Melika.

Ngakho-ke, ochwepheshe bagcizelela ukuthi i-Hantavirus ayinakho ukusulelana okuphezulu njenge-COVID-19.

Ezimweni zemikhumbi yabahamba ngomkhumbi ezisanda kugqama, uhlobo lwe-Andes lugcizelelwa ngokukhethekile.

Ziyini izimpawu ze-Hantavirus?

Izimpawu ze-Hantavirus zingadideka nomkhuhlane noma izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane ezinsukwini zokuqala. Lokhu kwenza ukuxilonga kusenesikhathi kube nzima.

Izimpawu Zesikhathi Sangaphambili

• Imfiva ephezulu
• Ubuthakathaka
• Ukuqaqamba kwemisipha
• Ikhanda elibuhlungu
• Kubanda nokuqhaqhazela
• I-Nausea
• Ukuphalaza
• Ubuhlungu besisu
• Isifo sohudo

Izimpawu Zesikhathi Sakamuva

Njengoba isifo siqhubeka, isimo singaba sibi kakhulu:

• Ukuphefumula kanzima
• Ukunqwabelana koketshezi emaphashini
• Ukuzwa ukuqina esifubeni
• I-oxygen ephansi
• Ukwehluleka kwezinso
• Umfutho wegazi ophansi
• Ukopha kwangaphakathi
• Ithebula elithukile

Isidingo sokunakekelwa okukhulu singase siphakame, ikakhulukazi ezigulini eziqala ukubandakanyeka emaphashini.

Kuthatha izinsuku ezingaki ukuze i-Hantavirus ibonise izimpawu?

Izimpawu ngokuvamile zivela ngemva kokuchayeka kugciwane:

• Kusukela evikini elingu-1 kuye kwayi-8

ingenzeka.

Ngenxa yalesi sikhathi eside ekufukameleni, abantu bangase bangaliboni igciwane ekuqaleni.

Ingabe i-Hantavirus Iyabulala?

Yebo, ezinye izinhlobo ze-hantavirus zingabulala kakhulu.

Ikakhulukazi:

• Izinga lokufa kwama-hantavirus ohlobo lwamaphaphu ezwenikazi laseMelika libikwa liphakathi kuka-20-50%.
• Izinga lokufa liphansi kwezinye izinhlobo zase-Europe nase-Asia.

Kodwa-ke, ukuxilonga kusenesikhathi kanye nokwelashwa okusekelayo kubalulekile.

Ingabe Kukhona Ukwelashwa Kwe-Hantavirus?

Okwamanje akukho ukwelashwa okuqondile kwezidambisigciwane noma umgomo osetshenziswa kabanzi ogunyazwe i-Hantavirus. Ukwelashwa ngokuvamile kuyasekela.

Ukwelashwa kusetshenzisiwe:

• Usekelo lwe-oxygen
• Ukulandelela abagula kakhulu
• Isilawuli sebhalansi ewuketshezi
• Usekelo lwemishini yokuphefumula
• I-Dialysis ekuhlulekeni kwezinso

.

Ochwepheshe bathi ukungenelela kusenesikhathi kunciphisa kakhulu ingcuphe yokufa.

Izindlela Zokuvikela ku-Hantavirus

Inhloso enkulu yokuvikela ukunciphisa ubungozi bokuthintana namagundane.

Izinyathelo Zokuqaphela Ezingathathwa

• Ukuhlanza njalo izindawo lapho amagundane abonwa khona
• Izindawo ezivaliwe zokungenisa umoya
• Ukuswa kwegundane elimanzisa ngaphambi kokuhlanza
• Usebenzisa amagilavu nemaski
• Ukugcina imikhiqizo yokudla ivaliwe
• Ukuvala ukungena kwendlu nendlu yokugcina impahla
• Ukunaka inhlanzeko ezindaweni zokukhempa

Ukushanela, ikakhulukazi okomile, akunconywa ngoba kungase kubangele izinhlayiya zegciwane ukuba zingene emoyeni.

Ingabe Ikhona I-Hantavirus e-Turkey?

Kube nezigameko ezikhawulelwe ze-hantavirus e-Turkey eminyakeni edlule. Ezinye izigameko zibikiwe, ikakhulukazi esifundeni soLwandle Olumnyama. Nokho, okwamanje awukho umbiko wobhubhane olukhulu.

Nakuba kunokuqagela okuningi okusabalala ezinkundleni zokuxhumana naku-inthanethi, izitatimende ezisemthethweni kufanele zilandelwe.

Ingabe I-Hantavirus Izophenduka Ubhubhane?

Ngokochwepheshe, amathuba okuthi i-Hantavirus iphenduke ubhubhane lomhlaba wonke ofana ne-COVID-19 aphansi. Ngoba:

• Ukudluliselwa komuntu kuya kumuntu kunqunyelwe
• Ivamise ukusatshalaliswa ngokuthintana kwamagundane
• Ukutheleleka kwakho akuphezulu njenge-coronavirus

Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yamazinga aphezulu okufa, iziphathimandla zezempilo ziqapha amacala ngokucophelela.

Umphumela

I-Hantavirus ingesinye sezifo ezibangelwa amagciwane ezingandile kodwa okungenzeka zibe yingozi kakhulu. Ingozi iyanda ikakhulukazi kubantu abathintana namagundane. Njengoba izimpawu zokuqala zinjengomkhuhlane, kungase kube nzima ukuzibona ezigabeni zokuqala.

Uma izimpawu ezifana nomkhuhlane ophezulu, ubuhlungu bemisipha kanye nokuphelelwa umoya kuvela ngemva kokuba namagundane, umhlinzeki wezempilo kufanele athintwe.

Ngokwedatha yesayensi, nakuba singekho isimo esidinga ukwethuka komhlaba wonke okwamanje, izinyathelo zokuhlanzeka nokuvikela zibaluleke kakhulu.