I-Home Autism Test ibhekisela ezindleleni zokuhlola ezisekelwe ekuhloleni eziklanyelwe ukusiza abazali bathole ukuhluka kokukhula kwezingane zabo zisencane. Lezi zivivinyo azihlinzeki ngokuxilongwa okuqondile; Nokho, kuyasiza ukuqonda ukuthi ingabe ingane isengcupheni ye-autism spectrum disorder (ASD) ezindaweni ezifana nokuziphatha, ukuxhumana, ukuxhumana nomphakathi kanye nokuzwela kwezinzwa. Ezinye izimpawu, ikakhulukazi lezo ezibonakala zisencane, zingaba isiqalo esibalulekile sokuthola ukwesekwa kochwepheshe lapho zibonwa abazali.
Ukuhlolwa kwe-Autism okwenziwa ekhaya ngokuvamile kuqhubeka ngemibuzo, izinhlu zokubhekwa nemisebenzi emifushane. Lezi zivivinyo zihlose ukuhlola ukuthintana kwamehlo engane, ukusabela ekubizweni ngegama, ukuxhumana nontanga, indlela yokudlala, ukuziphatha okuphindaphindayo kanye nokusabela ezizweni ezishukumisayo. Ngakho, imindeni ingenza ukuhlola kokuqala ngokubheka ukuziphatha kwengane kwansuku zonke endaweni yayo engokwemvelo.
Kodwa-ke, akufanele kukhohlwe ukuthi ukuhlolwa kwe-autism yasekhaya kuwukuhlola kokuqala. Kungakhathaliseki imiphumela yalezi zivivinyo, kuyadingeka ukubonisana nodokotela wengqondo wezingane, udokotela wezinzwa noma uchwepheshe wezokuthuthukiswa ukuze uthole ukuxilongwa okuqondile nokuhlolwa kochwepheshe. Ukuhlolwa kwasekhaya izifundo ezihlose ukuqwashisa abazali futhi bathathe izinyathelo ngesikhathi esifanele. Lokhu kuhlola kubaluleke kakhulu ngoba ukuxilonga kusenesikhathi kunomthelela omuhle emfundweni nasekukhuleni kwengane.
Kuyini Ukuhlola I-Home Autism?
I-Home Autism Test iyindlela yokuhlola esekelwe ekuhloleni esetshenziswa abazali ekhaya ukuze kutholwe izimpawu ze-autism ezinganeni zisencane. Lezi zivivinyo; Inikeza umbono wokuqala wokuthi ingabe ikhona yini ingozi ye-autism ngokuhlola izindawo zokukhula kwengane ezifana nendlela yengane yokuxhumana, ukuxhumana nabantu, indlela yokudlala kanye nokusabela kwezinzwa. Ayinamininingwane eminingi njengokuhlolwa kokuxilonga emtholampilo, kodwa inikeza isiqalo esibalulekile semindeni ukuze yenze ukuhlola kokuqala.
Ukuhlolwa kwe-autism kwasekhaya kuhlukile ekuhloleni komtholampilo okwenziwa ngochwepheshe. Nakuba ukuhlolwa kwemitholampilo kubandakanya ukubhekwa kochwepheshe, izikali zokuthuthuka kanye nombono wochwepheshe; Ukuhlola okwenziwa ekhaya kusekelwe ekuqapheleni kwabazali futhi akunikezi ukuxilongwa okuqinisekile.
Inhloso enkulu yalokhu kuhlola iwukuqwashisa kusenesikhathi, ukuthola izimpawu ezingaba khona futhi udlulisele imindeni kuchwepheshe uma kudingeka. Ngakho, kuyasiza ukuqalisa inqubo yokungenelela kusenesikhathi enganeni.
Uyihlolela Kanjani I-Autism Ekhaya?
Ukuhlolwa kwe-autism kwasekhaya kusekelwe ekubhekeni ukuziphatha kwengane ekuphileni kwansuku zonke futhi kungase kusekelwe izinhlobo ezahlukene zokuhlola. Okunye kokuhlolwa kwe-autism kwasekhaya okuvame ukusetshenziswa kakhulu ukuhlola M-CHAT (Uhlu Lokuhlola Oluguquliwe Lwe-Autism Ezinganeni Ezisacathula). Lokhu kuhlolwa, ngokuvamile okulungiselelwe izingane eziphakathi kwezinyanga eziyi-16 nezingu-30 ubudala, kuhlola amakhono engane okuxhumana nabantu nokuziphatha ngokubuza imibuzo engu-20 ehlukene kubazali. Ukuhlola AQ (Autism Spectrum Quotient), okusetshenziselwa amaqembu amakhulu eminyaka, kuwukuhlola ukuzihlola okusiza ukukala ukuthi ingabe abantu banazo yini izimpawu ze-autism.
Ukuhlolwa kwe-autism ku-inthanethi okwenziwa ekhaya ngokuvamile kuqhubeka ngezinyathelo ezithile. Okokuqala, ukuhlolwa kukhethelwa iqembu lobudala elifanelekile futhi imibuzo iphendulwa ngokucophelela. Imibuzo ihlanganisa ukubheka ingane emehlweni, ukuphendula igama layo, amakhono okulingisa, indlela yokudlala, ukuziphatha okujwayelekile kanye nokuzwela kwezinzwa. Lapho ukuhlola sekuqediwe, isistimu ihlaziya izimpendulo, yethule imiphumela kubazali futhi ituse ukusekelwa kochwepheshe uma kudingeka.
Eminyakeni yakamuva, ukuhlolwa kwe-autism okwenziwe ngezinhlelo zokusebenza zeselula sekusabalele kakhulu. Lezi zinhlelo zokusebenza zinganikeza kokubili uhlu lwemibuzo nezindlela zokubuka amavidiyo. Ngale ndlela, abazali bangakwazi ukwenza inqubo yokuhlola ngendlela engokoqobo futhi balandelele inqubekelaphambili ngokurekhoda imiphumela.
Iyiphi Iqembu Leminyaka Efanele Ukuhlola I-Home Autism?
Ukuhlolwa kwe-autism kwasekhaya kwenzelwa izinjongo zokuqwashisa kusenesikhathi, ikakhulukazi ezinganeni kanye nezingane ezincane eziphakathi kweminyaka yobudala engu-0–3. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, izimpawu ezinjengokungabhekani ngamehlo, ukungaphenduli egameni lomuntu, ukuntuleka kokuziphatha okulingisayo, ukukhuluma sekwephuzile noma ukunyakaza okuphindaphindayo kungabonakala kalula. Ngakho-ke, ukuhlaziya okwenziwa besebancane kunikeza ukudluliselwa okusheshayo kusekelo lochwepheshe lapho kudingekile.
Kuleli qembu lobudala, izimpawu ezinjengobunzima bokudlala imidlalo ecatshangelwayo, ukungabelani ngezintshisakalo ezifanayo, ukunamathela ngokweqile enkambweni, noma ukuzwela kwezinzwa kufakiwe kunqubo yokuhlola.
Ungazihlonza Kanjani Izimpawu Ze-Autism Ekhaya?
Ukubona izimpawu ze-autism ekhaya kungenzeka ngokubheka ukuziphatha kwemvelo kwengane ekuphileni kwansuku zonke. Nakuba ingane ngayinye ikhula ngendlela ehlukile, ezinye izimpawu ezivamile ziyizimpawu eziyisixwayiso zakuqala ze-autism. Okuyinhloko phakathi kwalokhu ukungabhekani ngamehlo. Kusukela zisencane, izingane kulindeleke ukuba zibheke abazali bazo. Uma ingane igwema ukubheka emehlweni, ibheka amehlo isikhathi esifushane, noma ingabuki nhlobo ubuso, lesi simo kufanele sigadwe.
Olunye uphawu olubalulekile ukungaphenduli egameni. Izimpawu ze-autism zingase zihlanganise ingane ukuthi ingajiki lapho ibizwa ngegama, ingaphenduli, noma yenze sengathi ayikuzwa lokho okushiwoyo. Njengoba lesi simo singaphanjaniswa nenkinga yokuzwa, kufanele sihlolwe ngokucophelela.
Ukunyakaza okuphindayo nakho kuyizimpawu ezisobala ezingabonwa ekhaya. Ukuziphatha okunjengokushaya izandla, ukunyakazisa, ukushintsha izinto, nokuphinda amagama afanayo noma imisindo kuvamile. Lokhu kunyakaza kungase kube indlela yokuthi ingane ikhululeke, kodwa kufanele iqashwe uma kwenzeka njalo futhi iqhubekayo.
Ekugcineni, isitayela sokudlala sengane siwumkhondo obalulekile. Izingane ezisengozini ye-autism zivame ukuba nobunzima ekudlaleni okucabangayo futhi zikhetha imidlalo ephindaphindayo njengokupakisha nokuhlunga amathoyizi esikhundleni sokuwasebenzisela injongo yawo. Ukuntula intshisekelo emidlalweni yezenhlalo kufanele futhi kucatshangelwe.
Ukuhlolwa Kwe-Autism Eyamukelwe Ngokwesayensi
Ezinye izikali ezisetshenziswa ekuhlolweni kwe-autism zinokufaneleka kwesayensi nokwethembeka. Lezi zivivinyo zisetshenziswa ochwepheshe futhi zidlala indima ebalulekile enqubweni yokuxilongwa. Elinye lamathuluzi okuhlola asetshenziswa kakhulu ukuhlola M-CHAT-R/F (Uhlu Lokuhlola Olulungisiwe Lwe-Autism Ezinganeni Ezisacathula - Lubuyekezwe Ngokulandela Ukulandelela). Lesi sikali, esithuthukiswe ikakhulukazi izingane ezineminyaka eyi-16-30, sihlose ukuthola ubungozi be-autism kusenesikhathi ngokubuza imibuzo kubazali, futhi ukuhlolwa kokulandelela kwenziwa uma kunesidingo.
Elinye ithuluzi lesayensi yi-**CAST (Ukuhlolwa kwe-Childhood Autism Spectrum Test)**. I-CAST, esetshenziselwa izingane ezineminyaka ephakathi kwengu-4 nengu-11, isikali sokuhlola esibanzi esihlola ukuxhumana komphakathi, ulimi, ukuziphatha kanye namakhono okudlala. Kuyindlela esebenzayo yokunquma ukuthi kungenzeka yini ukuba ne-autism ezinganeni ezifunda isikole.
Phakathi kokuhlola okuphelele nokuqondiswa kochwepheshe, i-ADOS (Ishejuli Yokuhlola I-Autism Diagnostic Observation) igqamile. I-ADOS isivivinyo esimisiwe esisekelwe ekuqapheliseni ukuxhumana nomphakathi kwengane, ukuxhumana nokuziphatha futhi kuthathwa njengezinga eligolide ekuxilongweni kwe-autism.
Ukuhlolwa Okudume Kakhulu Ku-inthanethi Kwe-Autism
Izinsiza ezithembekile nezifundisayo eziku-inthanethi zibaluleke kakhulu kubazali abafuna ukuhlola autism ekhaya. Ezinye izinkundla zamazwe ngamazwe zingaba ngumhlahlandlela, ikakhulukazi ekulungiseleleni inqubo yokuxilongwa, ukuqaphela izimpawu nokuqonda ukuthi kuyadingeka yini ukwesekwa kochwepheshe. Nakuba lezi zivivinyo zinganikezi ukuxilongwa okuqinisekile, zisiza abazali ukuthi benze ukuhlola kokuqala.
Enye yezinsiza ezisetshenziswa kakhulu emhlabeni wonke yi-AutismSpeaks.org. Le nkundla inikeza izivivinyo eziku-inthanethi, okuqukethwe okufundisayo, kanye nemihlahlandlela yomndeni ukusiza ukuhlola izimpawu ze-autism zamaqembu eminyaka ahlukene. Ukuhlolwa kokuhlolwa okufushane kungasetshenziswa kubazali ngesayithi futhi isiqondiso sochwepheshe sinikezwa ngokuvumelana nemiphumela.
I-ChildMind.org, enye yezinhlangano ezihlonishwayo emkhakheni wokuthuthukiswa kwezingane kanye nesayikholoji, iphinde inikeze izivivinyo neziqondiso ezinokwethenjelwa emindenini. Inkundla ihlanganisa ukuhlola ukusiza ukubona izimpawu ze-autism, imibono yochwepheshe, izinhlelo zokweseka umndeni nezinsiza eziningi zempilo yengqondo yengane.
Iphuzu okufanele licatshangelwe uma kuza emithonjeni yase-Turkey ukuthi ukuhlola kunokufaneleka kwesayensi futhi kusetshenziselwa izinjongo zokuhlola kuphela. Lokhu kuhlola kusiza ukuqonda ukuziphatha kwengane, kodwa kuyadingeka ukuthi uthintane nodokotela wengqondo yezingane noma uchwepheshe wezokuthuthuka ukuze uthole ukuxilongwa okuqinisekile.
Ingabe Ukuhlolwa Kwe-Autism Yasekhaya Kuthembekile?
Ukuhlolwa kwe-Autism yasekhaya amathuluzi okuhlola ngaphambilini aklanyelwe ukunika amandla imindeni ukubona umehluko wokuthuthuka kwezingane zayo zisencane. Lezi zivivinyo zinikeza ukwethembeka okuthile, ikakhulukazi ngoba kusekelwe ekuqaphelisweni kokuziphatha; Nokho, i- ayinawo amandla okwenza ukuxilongwa okuqinisekile ngokwayo. Izilinganiso zokunemba ziyahlukahluka kuye ngokuba semthethweni kwesayensi kokuhlolwa okusetshenzisiwe, ikhono lomzali lokuqaphela, kanye nokuthi baphendula imibuzo ngendlela efanele yini. Isibonelo, nakuba izikali ezisekelwe ngokwesayensi ezifana ne-M-CHAT-R/F zinamazinga aphezulu okuthembeka, kusadingeka ukuhlanganisa imiphumela ngokuhlolwa kochwepheshe.
Kulezi zinsuku, kunokuqukethwe okuningi okwabiwe ku-inthanethi ngaphansi kwegama elithi "autism test", engenasisekelo sesayensi futhi equkethe imibuzo embalwa kuphela. Ukuze ugweme ukuhlola okunjalo okungelona iqiniso noma okungavumelekile, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi umthombo uthembekile, ukuhlola kusekelwe kuzinkomba zesayensi futhi kutuswa izikhungo zezempilo ezaziwayo. Ukwenza ukuhlolwa kwe-autism okusekelwe kuforamu engahleliwe noma okuqukethwe kwenkundla yezokuxhumana akuyona indlela enempilo.
Akufanele kukhohlakale ukuthi ukuhlolwa kwe-autism yasekhaya kuphela ngenjongo yokuqwashisa nokwenza ukuhlolwa kobungozi. Ukuze uthole ukuxilongwa okuqinisekile, ukuhlolwa komtholampilo okwenziwa udokotela wengqondo wengane, udokotela ofundisa izingane noma udokotela wezinzwa. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ikuphi imiphumela yokuhlolwa kwekhaya, akulungile ukuba abazali bafinyelele esiphethweni esiqondile ngaphandle kokufuna umbono wochwepheshe.
Ukuhlolwa Kwasekhaya Noma Uchwepheshe?
Ukuhlolwa kwe-autism kwasekhaya kuyisinyathelo sokuqala ekusizeni imindeni ukuthi ibone izimpawu ezingaba khona ezinganeni zayo. Kodwa-ke, kungakhathaliseki umphumela ngemva kokuhlolwa, akufanele ukuthi imindeni ifinyelele esiphethweni esiqondile ngaphandle kokuthola ukuhlolwa kochwepheshe. Uma ukuhlolwa kwasekhaya kukhombisa izinga lobungozi, kubalulekile ukubonana nodokotela wengqondo , i-neurologist yengane noma _12 uchwepheshe wokukhula kwengane. Uchwepheshe uhlaziya ingane ngokuningiliziwe ngokuhlolwa komtholampilo, ukuhlolwa kokuthuthuka kanye nezinqubo zokuyibheka. Njengoba ukuhlola okwenziwa ekhaya kuwukuhlola kokuqala, kuyindlela enempilo kunazo zonke esekelwa umbono wochwepheshe.
Izimo Ezididekile Nezimpawu Ze-Autism
Njengoba izimpawu ze-autism zingafana nezinye izimo, ukuhlaziya okungalungile kungase kwenzeke. Isibonelo, izingane ezine-ukushoda kokunaka zingase futhi zibonise izimo ezifana nokungalandeli izikhombisi-ndlela, ukuziphatha okungahlelekile, nobunzima ekukhulumeni, futhi lezi zimpawu ngezinye izikhathi zingadideka ne-autism. Inkulumo, ikhono lokunyakaza komzimba noma amakhono okuxhumana nabantu angase athuthuke kamuva ezinganeni ezinokukhula ngokubambezeleka. Lesi simo singakha isithombe esifanayo nezimpawu ze-autism, kodwa umsuka waso uhlukile.
I-Social phobia, ebonakala kwezinye izingane, ingase iholele ekuziphatheni okufana nokubalekela indawo yomphakathi, ukugwema ukukhuluma, nokungabhekani emehlweni. Lokhu kungase futhi kudidaniswe ne-autism, kodwa e-social phobia, ingane ifuna ukuxhumana nomphakathi kodwa ihlala kude ngenxa yokukhathazeka; Ku-autism, intshisekelo yomphakathi imvamisa inomkhawulo. Ngakho-ke, ukuhlaziya kochwepheshe kubalulekile ukuze kuhlolwe okulungile.
