Ngesiquphe uziva unesiyezi, amehlo akho angaboni kakuhle, uziva ngathi uyawohloka... Abantu abaninzi bayichaza le meko ngokuthi “uxinzelelo lwegazi lwam lwehlile” kwaye banyanisile. Umntu omdala omnye kwabane eTurkey unengxaki yoxinzelelo lwegazi ephantsi ngaxa lithile ebomini bakhe. Ngoko kutheni uxinzelelo lwegazi lwehla? Ngamanye amaxesha unokuthi uphelelwe ngamanzi emzimbeni, ngamanye amaxesha inokuba luphawu lokuqala lwesifo esibi kakhulu. Kweli nqaku, ndiza kuchaza ngokweenkcukacha zonke izizathu kunye neempawu zoxinzelelo lwegazi oluphantsi, ngubani osemngciphekweni omkhulu, kwaye yintoni onokuyenza ekhaya.
Yintoni Uxinzelelo Lwegazi Olusezantsi (Hypotension) kwaye zingaphi Iindidi ezikhoyo?
Xa uxinzelelo lwegazi lwakho lwehla ngaphantsi kwe-90/60 mmHg, lwamkelwa ngokwamayeza njenge "hypotension", oko kukuthi, uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphantsi. Kodwa amanani akachazi yonke into; Nangona i-85/55 ingabangeli naziphi na izikhalazo kwabanye abantu, nokuba i-100/65 inokubangela ukuba abanye baphelelwe ngamandla. Okubalulekileyo kukuba unesikhalazo okanye awunaso na.
Uxinzelelo lwegazi olusezantsi lwahlulwe ngokwamaqela aliqela:
- I-Orthostatic hypotension: Ukwehla ngesiquphe xa ume ngeenyawo
- Postprandial hypotension: Ukuncipha ngokukhawuleza emva kokutya
- Neurological (nervous system-derived) hypotension: Uhlobo olubonwa nezifo ezifana neParkinson kunye nesifo seswekile
- Ngesiquphe (acute) hypotension: Iimeko ezingxamisekileyo ezifana nokulahleka kwegazi, usulelo, ukwaliwa komzimba
- I-hypotension engapheliyo: Imeko ehlala isezantsi iminyaka kwaye ayibangeli zikhalazo
Kutheni Uxinzelelo Lwegazi Lwehla? 15 Ezona zizathu ziqhelekileyo
1. Unxano kunye nokuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni
50-55% yegazi emzimbeni wakho ngamanzi. Nokuba nje i-2-3% ilahleko yamanzi inciphisa umthamo wegazi kwaye ithoba kakhulu uxinzelelo lwegazi. Ukubila, urhudo, ukugabha, kunye nokusela ikofu-tea ngokugqithisileyo zezona zinto zixhaphakileyo ehlotyeni.
2. Ukuma ngesiquphe (Orthostatic Hypotension)
Ukuba igazi eliqokelelana emilenzeni ngelixa ulele okanye uhleli alinakubuyela entliziyweni ngesiquphe xa uphakama, akukho gazi laneleyo linokufikelela ebuchotsheni. Isiyezi, ubumnyama kunye nokuquleka kwenzeka kwimizuzwana eyi-10-20. Iqhelekile ngakumbi xa uphuma ebhedini kusasa.
3. Uxinzelelo Lwegazi Lwehla Kanye Emva Kokutya
Emva kwesidlo esikhulu, esityebileyo ngekhabhohayidrethi, igazi elininzi libhekiswa kwindlela yokwetyisa. Nangona intliziyo izama ukubuyisela oku, kukho ukwehla okubonakalayo kwimizuzu engama-30-60 emva kokutya, ngakumbi kubantu abangaphezulu kweminyaka engama-65 kunye nabanesifo seswekile.
4. Umoya oshushu, ishawara eshushu kunye neSauna
Ubushushu buyenza ibe mnandi imithwalo kwaye ibangele ukuba igazi liqokelele eluswini. Ukuhamba kwegazi kwingqondo kunye nezitho zangaphakathi ziyancipha. Yiyo loo nto abantu abaninzi besifa isiqaqa emva kokuhlamba, isauna, okanye ishawa eshushu eshushu.
5. Ukugqithiswa kwedosi okanye iziphumo ezisecaleni zeyeza loxinzelelo lwegazi
I-20% yezigulana ezinyangelwe uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu ziye zibe noxinzelelo lwegazi olusezantsi ngenxa yokusebenzisa kakhulu amayeza. Ingakumbi ii-ACE inhibitors, beta blockers, diuretics kunye nealpha blockers zinokubangela oku.
6. Iziphazamiso zesingqi sentliziyo kunye nokungaphumeleli kwentliziyo
Ukuba intliziyo ayibetheki ngamandla ngokwaneleyo okanye ibetha ngokucothayo/ngokungaqhelekanga, igazi alinako ukumpontshwa ngokwaneleyo. Iqhelekile kubantu abanebradycardia (ipulse engaphantsi kwama-50).
7. Isifo seswekile (Isifo seswekile) kunye ne-Autonomic Neuropathy
Isifo seswekile sexesha elide kunye esingalawulekiyo sitshabalalisa imithambo-luvo. IiReflexes ezilawula uxinzelelo lwegazi ziphazamisekile. Ezi zigulana zinokuba nokwehla koxinzelelo lwegazi oluyi-20-30 mmHg xa ziphakama.
8. I-B12, i-Folic Acid kunye ne-Iron Deficiency Anemia
Ukuba kukho i-anemia, akukho oksijini yaneleyo enokufikelela kwizihlunu kuba umthwali we-hemoglobin uyancipha. Ingqondo izama ukuhlawulela oku "ngokunciphisa uxinzelelo lwegazi". Ixhaphake kakhulu, ngakumbi kwabasetyhini, kunye nokopha kwasexesheni.
9. Ixesha Lokukhulelwa
Ingakumbi kwi-trimester yesibini yokukhulelwa, ihomoni yeprogesterone ikhulula imithambo, kwaye isibeleko esikhulayo sibeka uxinzelelo kumthambo omkhulu (vena cava). Yingakho i-10-15% yabasetyhini abakhulelweyo banoxinzelelo lwegazi oluphantsi. Kuba kubi ngakumbi xa ulala ngomqolo.
10. Ukulahleka kwegazi
Ukopha xa usexesheni, ukopha kwehemorrhoid, isilonda esiswini, ukopha ngaphakathi nangaphandle emva kwengozi... Okukhona uphulukana negazi, kokukhona wehlisa uxinzelelo lwegazi. Ukulahleka kwegazi ngokukhawuleza okungaphezulu kwe-500 ml kunokukhokelela kumothuko.
11. Usulelo kunye neSepsis
Impendulo yomzimba kusulelo oluqatha luyivula ngokugqithisileyo imithambo. Njengakwimozulu eshushu, igazi liqokelelana eluswini kwaye uxinzelelo lwegazi lwehla ngokukhawuleza. Le meko ibeka ubomi esichengeni.
12. Ukwalana okuMandundu (I-Anaphylaxis)
Ukwalana okuqatha okwenzeka emva kokulunywa yinyosi, ukwaliwa yi-penicillin, kunye nokutya okufana namandongomane kubangela ukukhuselwa kwe-histamine, eyandisa imithwalo. Ngemizuzu nje, uxinzelelo lwegazi lunokwehla luye ku-60/30.
13. Izigulo zeNeurological ezifana neParkinson kunye neMultiple Sclerosis
Ukonakala kwengqondo kunye nentambo yomqolo kuphazamisa inkqubo ye-nervous autonomic, elawula uxinzelelo lwegazi. Ezi zigulana zifumana ukuguquguquka rhoqo emini.
14. Utywala kunye namanye amachiza athomalalisayo
Utywala buyanweba iinqanawa kwaye budala unxano kunye nesiphumo salo somchamo. Iipilisi zokulala, izinto zokuthomalalisa izihlunu, kunye namayeza okudambisa uxinzelelo zinokuba nesiphumo esifanayo.
15. Ukuhlala ebhedini ixesha elide
Kwizigulana ezilaliswe esibhedlele ngaphezu kweveki enye, izihlunu zomlenze ziba buthathaka kwaye ithoni yemithambo iyancipha. Uxinzelelo lwegazi lwehla kakhulu xa uqala ukuma. Le meko ibizwa ngokuba yi-“deconfusion hypotension”.
Ziziphi iimpawu zoxinzelelo lwegazi olusezantsi?
Uxinzelelo lwegazi olusezantsi luzibonakalisa ngezi ndlela zilandelayo:
- Isiyezi kunye nokuziva unentloko elula
- Ukuba mnyama okanye ukubona luzizi
- Ukufa isiqaqa okanye isiqaqa (presyncope)
- Ubuthathaka, ukudinwa, ukungakwazi ukonyuka ebhedini kusasa
- Ukubila okubandayo, ukubanda ezandleni nasezinyaweni
- Ubunzima kugxininiso, ukungabi nangqondo
- Intlungu okanye ukuva ubunzima entanyeni nasemagxeni
- Ukuncuma ezindlebeni
- Ngamanye amaxesha intloko ebuhlungu ibetha ngasemva entanyeni
Ngubani oseMngciphekweni omninzi?
- Abantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-65 ubudala (ngenxa ye-arteriosclerosis nokusetyenziswa kwamayeza)
- Abafazi abakhulelweyo (ingakumbi kwi-2nd trimester)
- Isifo seswekile kunye nezigulana zentliziyo
- Abo basebenzisa iyeza loxinzelelo lwegazi
- Abo banezifo ezinjenge-Parkinson's, MS, isifo seswekile neuropathy
- Abasetyhini abasebatsha abane-anemia
- Abo bahlala bengasebenzi ixesha elide (uhambo olude lwenqwelomoya, ukuphumla ebhedini)
Yintoni onokuyenza ekhaya ukunyusa uxinzelelo lwegazi ngokukhawuleza?
- Vuka kancinci: Phambi kokuba ungqengqe, hlala imizuzu eyi-1-2, vumela iinyawo zakho zijinga phantsi, emva koko uvuke.
- Sela amanzi amaninzi: Ukusela iilitha ezi-2.5-3 zamanzi yonke imihla yeyona ndlela isebenzayo.
- I-ayran enetyuwa: Ukudibanisa itispuni enye yetyuwa kwiglasi e-1 yeayran ebandayo kwaye ukuyisela kancinane kunika uphuculo olubonakalayo kwimizuzu eyi-10-15 (ngaphandle kokuba unokusilela kwentliziyo).
- Qinisa imisipha yomlenze wakho: Ukunqumla imilenze yakho kwaye uyicinezele ngelixa uhleli kwaye ume ngeenzwane zakho amaxesha ambalwa ngaphambi kokuba ume ngeenyawo kuya kunceda igazi libuyele phezulu.
- Sebenzisa iikawusi zokucinezela: Iikawusi eziqinileyo, ezinjengeekawusi zokucinezela, zithintela igazi ekudibaneni emilenzeni.
- Yitya kancinci kwaye izidlo rhoqo: 5-6 izidlo ezincinci endaweni yezidlo ezikhulu zehlisa ukuguquguquka koxinzelelo lwegazi.
- Thatha icaffeine: ikomityi enye yekofu yaseTurkey okanye iti eyomeleleyo ibonelela ngexeshana elifutshane eliphezulu.
- I-snack ekhaphukhaphu enecarbohydrates: Iswekile efakwe ngokukhawuleza njengemolasi-tahini, isonka sejam, ibhanana ziluncedo.
- Ukuba ulele ngomqolo, jika ngecala (ingakumbi kubafazi abakhulelweyo).
- Thatha ishawa eshushu endaweni yebandayo.
Kufuneka uye nini kwaGqirha?
Qhagamshelana nogqirha ngokukhawuleza kwezi meko zilandelayo:
- Ukuba usifa isiqaqa rhoqo
- Ukuba iintlungu zesifuba zikhatshwa kukuphefumla kancinci
- Ukuba kukho ubuthathaka kunye nesiyezi esithatha ngaphezulu kweentsuku ezi-3
- Ukuba izikhalazo ziqale emva kokuqala iyeza elitsha
- Ukuba ubona igazi kumchamo wakho okanye ilindle
- Ukuba kukho iimpawu zosulelo ezifana nomkhuhlane kunye nengqele
Imibuzo Ebuzwa Rhoqo
Kutheni uxinzelelo lwegazi lwehla ngesiquphe?
Ezona mpawu zixhaphakileyo kukuma ngesiquphe, unxano, idosi yeziyobisi egqithisileyo okanye ukuphazamiseka kwesingqi sentliziyo. Ngamanye amaxesha ukwaliwa okumandla okanye usulelo lunokuwohloka kwimizuzu nje embalwa.
Ngaba uxinzelelo lwegazi olusezantsi luyingozi?
Ngokuqhelekileyo ayisosichenge sobomi, kodwa ukutyhafa rhoqo kwandisa umngcipheko wokuwa kunye nokwaphuka. Kuyingozi kakhulu ukuba kukho usulelo olusezantsi, ukopha okanye isifo sentliziyo.
Ingaba ibhotolo enetyuwa iyanceda ngenene xa uxinzelelo lwegazi lwehla?
Ewe. Ukongeza itispuni e-1 yetyuwa kwiglasi e-1 yebhotolo ebandayo kunye nokusela ngokucothayo kunika uphuculo olubonakalayo kwimizuzu eyi-10-15. Abo banesifo sentliziyo okanye isifo sezintso akufuneki bayenze ngaphandle kokubonana nogqirha.
Kutheni uxinzelelo lwegazi lwehla ngexesha lokukhulelwa?
Ihomoni yeprogesterone ikhulula imithambo, isibeleko esikhulayo sibeka uxinzelelo kumthambo ongundoqo. Ixhaphake ngakumbi kwi-2 trimester. Ukulala ngecala lakho lasekhohlo kwaye usele amanzi amaninzi kuyanceda.
Ingaba uxinzelelo lwegazi olusezantsi lubangela intloko ebuhlungu?
Ewe, njengoko kungekho gazi laneleyo eline-oxygen elihamba lisiya kwingqondo, linokubangela ubunzima, ukubetheka entanyeni okanye intlungu efana noxinzelelo kwiitempile. Ukusela amanzi amaninzi kunye nokugcina intloko iphakamile kunciphisa iintlungu.
